
The Three Mountain Alliance (TMA) encompasses 45% of Hawai‘i Island and includes the three youngest volcanoes, Hualālai, Mauna Loa, and Kīlauea. The TMA contains some of the largest expanses of intact native forest remaining in the Hawaiian Islands, approximately 50% of the State’s remaining native habitat.
TMA lands contain many different types of ecosystems: alpine, subalpine, montane (dry, mesic and wet), and lowland (dry, mesic and wet) ecosystems. The TMA is home to thousands of native species including rare and threatened or endangered species, many of which are endemic to the island.